大過

第28卦 大過 (Great Exceeding) 变 第19卦 臨 (Approach)

大過
Great Exceeding
Lake / Wind
Approach
Earth / Lake
变爻不变爻

变爻

此变化涉及 4 个变爻(第 1、3、4、5 爻)。

第初爻

初六 藉用白茅。无咎。

jièfor
yòngusing
báiwhite
máothatch
no
jiùblame

Six at the beginning means: To spread white rushes underneath. No blame.

第三爻

九三 棟橈。凶。

dòngthe ridgepole
náois deformed
xiōngominous

Nine in the third place means: The ridgepole sags to the breaking point. Misfortune.

第四爻

九四 棟隆。吉。有它吝。

dòngthe ridgepole
lóngholds
promising
yǒuif it
tuōany
lìnthen inadequacy

Nine in the fourth place means: The ridgepole is braced. Good fortune. If there are ulterior motives, it is humiliating.

第五爻

九五 枯楊生華。老婦得其士夫。无咎无譽。

the withered
yángpoplar
shēngsends out
huáflowers
lǎothe old
woman
finds
her own
shìa young gentleman
as husband
no
jiùto blame
no
to praise

Nine in the fifth place means: A withered poplar puts forth flowers. An older woman takes a husband. No blame. No praise.

卦象变化

上卦Lake EarthThe Joyous → The Receptive
下卦Wind LakeThe Gentle → The Joyous

焦氏易林

六家作權,公室剖分。陰制其陽,唐叔失明。

Six houses seize authority; the ducal house is carved apart. Yin commands the yang; the heir of Tang loses his sight.

— 焦延寿《焦氏易林》,公元前一世纪

注释

澤滅木,大過之象。六家作權,公室剖分——六大家族擅權,公室被瓜分。陰制其陽,唐叔失明——臣凌君上,唐叔後裔失其明察。「六家」可解為晉國六卿:韓、趙、魏、智、范、中行,漸篡公室之權,終致三家分晉。「唐叔」即唐叔虞,晉之始祖,代指晉君。失明非目盲而是政治之昏。從大過至臨(澤上有地),過載之勢化為居高臨下之壓——然臨之本意為仁者俯察,此處卻被篡奪者竊用。

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