大過

第28卦 大過 (Great Exceeding) 变 第27卦 頤 (Nourishment)

大過
Great Exceeding
Lake / Wind
Nourishment
Mountain / Thunder
变爻不变爻

变爻

此变化涉及 6 个变爻(第 1、2、3、4、5、6 爻)。

第初爻

初六 藉用白茅。无咎。

jièfor
yòngusing
báiwhite
máothatch
no
jiùblame

Six at the beginning means: To spread white rushes underneath. No blame.

第二爻

九二 枯楊生稊。老夫得其女妻。无不利。

the withered
yángpoplar
shēngsends out
a new
lǎothe old
gentleman
finds
his own
a maiden
companion
without
doubt
worthwhile

Nine in the second place means: A dry poplar sprouts at the root. An older man takes a young wife. Everything furthers.

第三爻

九三 棟橈。凶。

dòngthe ridgepole
náois deformed
xiōngominous

Nine in the third place means: The ridgepole sags to the breaking point. Misfortune.

第四爻

九四 棟隆。吉。有它吝。

dòngthe ridgepole
lóngholds
promising
yǒuif it
tuōany
lìnthen inadequacy

Nine in the fourth place means: The ridgepole is braced. Good fortune. If there are ulterior motives, it is humiliating.

第五爻

九五 枯楊生華。老婦得其士夫。无咎无譽。

the withered
yángpoplar
shēngsends out
huáflowers
lǎothe old
woman
finds
her own
shìa young gentleman
as husband
no
jiùto blame
no
to praise

Nine in the fifth place means: A withered poplar puts forth flowers. An older woman takes a husband. No blame. No praise.

第上爻

上六 過涉滅頂。凶。无咎。

guòtoo much of
shèto crossing
miècovering
dǐngone's head
xiōngunfortunate
but no
jiùblame

Six at the top means: One must go through the water. It goes over one's head. Misfortune. No blame.

卦象变化

上卦Lake MountainThe Joyous → Keeping Still
下卦Wind ThunderThe Gentle → The Arousing

焦氏易林

三奇六耦,各有所主。周南召南,聖人所在。德義流行,民悅以喜。

Three odd, six even; each has its proper lord. Zhounan, Shaonan; where the sage resides. Virtue and righteousness flow forth; the people delight and rejoice.

— 焦延寿《焦氏易林》,公元前一世纪

注释

澤滅木,大過之象。三奇六耦,各有所主——三陽六陰各安其位。周南召南,聖人所在——《詩經》二南為聖人教化之所。德義流行,民悅以喜。「三奇六耦」為卦爻之結構,陽奇陰偶各守其分。周南為文王之化,召南為召公之化,儒家視為王道教化之典範。從大過至頤(山下有雷),過載之亂化為有序之養——頤者慎言語節飲食,以正道養人養德。聖人所在,教化如春風。

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