明夷

Hexagram 36: Darkening of the Light → Hexagram 38: Opposition

明夷
Darkening of the Light
Earth / Fire
Opposition
Fire / Lake
Changing LinesStable Lines

Changing Lines

This transformation involves 4 changing lines (lines 2, 3, 4, 6).

Line 2

六二 明夷。夷于左股。用拯馬壯吉。

míngbrightness
obscured
and wounded
in
zuǒthe left
thigh
yòngbut use
zhěngrelief
the horse
zhuàngis strong
promising

Six in the second place means: Darkening of the light injures him in the left thigh. He gives aid with the strength of a horse. Good fortune.

Line 3

九三 明夷于南狩。得其大首。不可疾貞。

míngbrightness
obscured
on
nánthe southern
shòuwinter hunt
finding
their
great
shǒuhead
this (is) no
an
a hasty
zhēnpersistence

Nine in the third place means: Darkening of the light during the hunt in the south. Their great leader is captured. One must not expect perseverance too soon.

Line 4

六四 入于左腹。獲明夷之心。于出門庭。

entering
by
zuǒthe left (side)
of the belly
huòseize
míngthe intelligence
an
zhīone's
xīnheart
before
chūexit
ménby
tíngand

Six in the fourth place means: He penetrates the left side of the belly. One gets at the very heart of the darkening of the light, And leaves gate and courtyard.

Line 6

上六 不明晦。初登于天。後入于地。

not
míngbrightness
huìbut darkness
chūat first
dēngto rise
into
tiānthe heavens
hòuand
to enter
into
the earth

Six at the top means: Not light but darkness. First he climbed up to heaven, Then plunged into the depths of the earth.

Trigram Changes

Upper TrigramEarth FireThe Receptive → The Clinging
Lower TrigramFire LakeThe Clinging → The Joyous

Yilin Verse

慎禍重病,顏子為友,乃能安存。牢戶繫羊,乃能受慶。

Be cautious of calamity and grave illness; take Yan Hui as your companion, and thus find safety and survival. Secure the gate and pen the sheep; thus may you receive good fortune.

— Jiao Yanshou, Yilin (Forest of Changes), 1st century BCE

Commentary

Fire beneath the earth meets fire above the lake — Opposition, where unlike elements coexist in productive tension. 'Guarding against calamity and grave illness, with Yan Hui as a friend, one can survive in safety.' Yan Hui — Confucius's most beloved disciple, who lived in a narrow lane with a gourd of water and a basket of rice yet never lost his joy — represents the friend whose moral constancy sustains one through crisis. The verse then pivots: 'Secure the door and pen the sheep, and blessings can be received.' Opposition's genius lies in finding harmony within difference, and from Darkening of the Light, this transformation shows that when light is dimmed, the right companion and careful vigilance together create the conditions for survival and eventual reward.

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