夬 → 大過
Hexagram 43: Breakthrough → Hexagram 28: Great Exceeding
Changing Lines
This transformation involves 1 changing line (line 1).
Line 1
初九 壯于前趾。往不勝為咎。
Nine at the beginning means: Mighty in the forward-striding toes. When one goes and is not equal to the task, One makes a mistake.
Trigram Changes
Yilin Verse
久陰霖雨，塗行泥潦。商人依山，市空无有。
Long overcast with endless rain; the road is mired in mud and flood. The merchant huddles by the mountain; the market is empty with nothing to sell.
— Jiao Yanshou, Yilin (Forest of Changes), 1st century BCE
Commentary
Lake risen above heaven overflows into the lake submerging the wind below. Long rains pour without ceasing, roads turn to mud and slush. Merchants huddle against the hillside, the marketplace stands empty. Prolonged downpour has paralyzed commerce and movement — the world drowns in excess moisture, and all enterprise grinds to a halt. From Breakthrough to Great Exceeding, decisive action tips into dangerous overextension. The lake floods the trees beneath it; the ridgepole sags under impossible weight. What begins as decisive resolution — the lake surging above heaven — becomes a deluge that overwhelms everything in its path. The merchants who should be trading are reduced to sheltering, and the empty market testifies to a system pushed past its structural limits.
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