否 → 謙
第12卦 否 (Standstill) 变 第15卦 謙 (Modesty)
变爻
此变化涉及 4 个变爻(第 3、4、5、6 爻)。
第三爻
六三 包羞。
Six in the third place means: They bear shame.
第四爻
九四 有命无咎。疇離祉。
Nine in the fourth place means: He who acts at the command of the highest Remains without blame. Those of like mind partake of the blessing.
第五爻
九五 休否。大人吉。其亡其亡。繫于苞桑。
Nine in the fifth place means: Standstill is giving way. Good fortune for the great man. "What if it should fail, what if it should fail?" In this way he ties it to a cluster of mulberry shoots.
第上爻
上九 傾否。先否後喜。
Nine at the top means: The standstill comes to an end. First standstill, then good fortune.
卦象变化
焦氏易林
人面鬼口,長舌為斧;斲破瑚璉,殷商絕祀。
A human face, a demon's mouth; the long tongue serves as axe. It hacks apart the sacrificial vessels; the Yin-Shang line is cut off.
— 焦延寿《焦氏易林》,公元前一世纪
注释
天地不交之否,人面鬼口,長舌為斧——讒言如利斧,劈碎瑚璉。瑚璉為宗廟祭器之美者(出《論語·公冶長》),喻國之禮器命脈。斲破瑚璉則殷商絕祀——祭祀斷絕,國統覆亡。長舌之喻出《詩經·大雅·瞻卬》:「婦有長舌,維厲之階」,讒言足以傾覆邦國。從否至謙(地中有山),否之閉塞化為謙之隱藏。然此詩寫謙未成之前:讒人以舌為斧,世代積累毀於一旦。地中之山唯在讒舌被識破、被制止之後,方能保全。否世讒人最烈,謙之道在不爭而自守。
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