大過

Hexagram 28: Great Exceeding → Hexagram 60: Limitation

大過
Great Exceeding
Lake / Wind
Limitation
Water / Lake
Changing LinesStable Lines

Changing Lines

This transformation involves 3 changing lines (lines 1, 3, 4).

Line 1

初六 藉用白茅。无咎。

jièfor
yòngusing
báiwhite
máothatch
no
jiùblame

Six at the beginning means: To spread white rushes underneath. No blame.

Line 3

九三 棟橈。凶。

dòngthe ridgepole
náois deformed
xiōngominous

Nine in the third place means: The ridgepole sags to the breaking point. Misfortune.

Line 4

九四 棟隆。吉。有它吝。

dòngthe ridgepole
lóngholds
promising
yǒuif it
tuōany
lìnthen inadequacy

Nine in the fourth place means: The ridgepole is braced. Good fortune. If there are ulterior motives, it is humiliating.

Trigram Changes

Upper TrigramLake WaterThe Joyous → The Deep
Lower TrigramWind LakeThe Gentle → The Joyous

Yilin Verse

朝霽暮霞,瀸我衣襦。退無得牛。

Morning clears, evening glows; the drizzle soaks my coat and shirt. Retreating, no ox is found.

— Jiao Yanshou, Yilin (Forest of Changes), 1st century BCE

Commentary

Lake over wind hardens into water above lake — Limitation, the principle of measured restraint. Morning mist clears into evening glow, but the moisture seeps through and soaks one's jacket. On returning, there is no ox to be found. The verse is spare and melancholy: a day of shifting weather — dawn brightness giving way to dampness — and a loss discovered upon return. The soaked garment suggests exposure to elements one cannot control; the missing ox, a livelihood vanished without explanation. Limitation's image is water atop the lake — excess checked by a containing boundary. But the verse shows limitation's cost: the boundary that conserves also restricts, and what is lost within the limits cannot be recovered. From Great Exceeding to Limitation, excess is trimmed, but the cutting is not painless.

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