大過既濟

Hexagram 28: Great Exceeding → Hexagram 63: After Completion

大過
Great Exceeding
Lake / Wind
既濟
After Completion
Water / Fire
Changing LinesStable Lines

Changing Lines

This transformation involves 3 changing lines (lines 1, 2, 4).

Line 1

初六 藉用白茅。无咎。

jièfor
yòngusing
báiwhite
máothatch
no
jiùblame

Six at the beginning means: To spread white rushes underneath. No blame.

Line 2

九二 枯楊生稊。老夫得其女妻。无不利。

the withered
yángpoplar
shēngsends out
a new
lǎothe old
gentleman
finds
his own
a maiden
companion
without
doubt
worthwhile

Nine in the second place means: A dry poplar sprouts at the root. An older man takes a young wife. Everything furthers.

Line 4

九四 棟隆。吉。有它吝。

dòngthe ridgepole
lóngholds
promising
yǒuif it
tuōany
lìnthen inadequacy

Nine in the fourth place means: The ridgepole is braced. Good fortune. If there are ulterior motives, it is humiliating.

Trigram Changes

Upper TrigramLake WaterThe Joyous → The Deep
Lower TrigramWind FireThe Gentle → The Clinging

Yilin Verse

載餽如田,破鉏失食。苗穢不闢,獨飢於年。

Carrying provisions as if to the field; the hoe breaks, food is lost. Weeds choke the seedlings, uncleared; alone he starves through the year.

— Jiao Yanshou, Yilin (Forest of Changes), 1st century BCE

Commentary

Lake over wind crosses into water above fire — After Completion, where every line is in its correct place yet complacency threatens. Loading provisions as if going to the fields, but the hoe breaks and the food is lost. Weeds choke the seedlings without being cleared, and one starves alone through the year. The verse describes agricultural failure at every stage: the tool breaks before work begins, weeds are left untended, and famine follows. After Completion's danger is precisely this complacency: when everything seems in order, the temptation is to neglect maintenance. From Great Exceeding to After Completion, the overburdened structure reaches apparent balance — but the hoe's breaking reveals that the equilibrium is fragile. Without constant vigilance, the completed field reverts to wilderness, and the farmer who thought the work was done starves amid his own neglected crops.

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