Hexagram 43: Breakthrough → Hexagram 23: Splitting Apart

Breakthrough
Lake / Heaven
Splitting Apart
Mountain / Earth
Changing LinesStable Lines

Changing Lines

This transformation involves 6 changing lines (lines 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6).

Line 1

初九 壯于前趾。往不勝為咎。

zhuàngvigorous
in
qiánadvancing
zhǐtoes
wǎnggoing forward
is not
shèngsuccessful
wéimaking
jiùmistakes

Nine at the beginning means: Mighty in the forward-striding toes. When one goes and is not equal to the task, One makes a mistake.

Line 2

九二 惕號。莫夜有戎。勿恤。

anxious
hàoand complain
this is not
night
yǒuto have
róngwar
do not
worry

Nine in the second place means: A cry of alarm. Arms at evening and at night. Fear nothing.

Line 3

九三 壯于頄。有凶。君子夬夬。獨行遇雨。若濡有慍。无咎。

zhuàngvigorous
in
qiúcheeks
yǒuassuming
xiōngmisfortune
jūnnoble
young one
guàiis decided
guàiin
all alone
xíngbut
and
rains
ruòas if
getting wet
yǒuwas
yùndispleasure
but no
jiùblame

Nine in the third place means: To be powerful in the cheekbones Brings misfortune. The superior man is firmly resolved. He walks alone and is caught in the rain. He is bespattered, And people murmur against him. No blame.

Line 4

九四 臀无膚。其行次且。牽羊悔亡。聞言不信。

túnrump
without
skin
one's
xíngwalking
is second-rate
qiěfor now
qiānin tow
yángas
huǐregrets
wángwill
wénbut to hear
yánthis
is not
xìnto believe

Nine in the fourth place means: There is no skin on his thighs, And walking comes hard. If a man were to let himself be led like a sheep, Remorse would disappear. But if these words are heard They will not be believed.

Line 5

九五 莧陸夬夬。中行无咎。

xiànwild edible greens
on the dry land
guàiresolved
guàito purge
zhōngto balance
xíngthe action
is not
jiùwrong

Nine in the fifth place means: In dealing with weeds, Firm resolution is necessary. Walking in the middle Remains free of blame.

Line 6

上六 无號。終有凶。

there is
hàocall
zhōngthe end
yǒucould
xiōngunfortunate

Six at the top means: No cry. In the end misfortune comes.

Trigram Changes

Upper TrigramLake MountainThe Joyous → Keeping Still
Lower TrigramHeaven EarthThe Creative → The Receptive

Yilin Verse

隨時春草,舊枝葉起。扶踈條桃,長大美盛,華沃鑠舒。

Spring grass follows the season; old branches put forth new leaves. The peach tree spreads its luxuriant boughs, growing tall, splendid, and grand; its blossoms rich and resplendent.

— Jiao Yanshou, Yilin (Forest of Changes), 1st century BCE

Commentary

Lake risen above heaven settles onto the mountain resting upon earth. Spring grass returns in season, old branches put forth new leaves. Peach trees spread their luxuriant boughs, growing tall and magnificent, blossoms radiant and lush. The imagery is purely vernal — renewal so abundant it seems impossible that anything was ever barren. From Breakthrough to Splitting Apart, the pairing is deeply paradoxical. Splitting Apart's image is the mountain eroding upon the earth, all yang lines stripped away except one. Yet the verse fills this pattern with spring's return, suggesting that even at the moment of greatest structural loss, nature's regenerative power is already at work. The old wood splits, and from the split, new growth emerges more vigorous than before.

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