Hexagram 23
剝
Bō
Splitting Apart
Upper Trigram
坤 Kūn
Earth — Receptive
Lower Trigram
艮 Gèn
Mountain — Stillness
Classical Texts
The Judgment
不利有攸往。
The Image
山附於地,剝。上以厚下安宅。
The Lines
Line 1
初六 剝牀以足。蔑貞凶。
Line 2
六二 剝牀以辨。蔑貞凶。
Line 3
六三 剝之无咎。
Line 4
六四 剝牀以膚。凶。
Line 5
六五 貫魚。以宮人寵。无不利。
Line 6
上九 碩果不食。君子得輿。小人剝廬。

Nebuchadnezzar
William Blake, 1795
Splitting Apart
King Nebuchadnezzar crawls on all fours through wilderness, his body reduced to animal form. William Blake illustrated this biblical story in 1795, showing the Babylonian monarch driven from his throne as punishment for pride. Wild hair streams down his back, fingernails have grown into claws, and his eyes stare forward with neither recognition nor comprehension. The king who built gardens and conquered nations now eats grass like cattle, his human identity disintegrated.
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This is Bō (剝), Splitting Apart—the character showing a knife cutting away from whole cloth. The hexagram shows Mountain (Gèn) above Earth (Kūn): stillness perched precariously over the receptive. Five yin lines rise from below, with only one yang line remaining at the top—an image of systematic erosion, layer after layer stripped away until almost nothing holds. In Zhou Dynasty divination, this configuration appeared when collapse had progressed too far for repair, when the wise withdrew rather than resist the inevitable. Blake illustrated the Biblical story of King Nebuchadnezzar, who was driven from his throne and lived as a beast in the wilderness as punishment for pride. The color print shows the fallen king on all fours with wild hair and long fingernails, crawling on the ground. Blake's depiction portrays a figure experiencing psychological and spiritual disintegration. The Judgment text offers stark counsel: "Splitting Apart. It does not further one to go anywhere." When disintegration reaches this stage, action accelerates decay. Ancient practitioners understood this as the time to yield, to accept diminishment, to preserve what little remains rather than exhaust it fighting entropy. Blake depicts the moment when Nebuchadnezzar's reason splits from his body—no action he might take could prevent what divine judgment set in motion. The text does not promise recovery; it counsels stillness. The Image Text observes: "The mountain rests on the earth: the image of Splitting Apart. Thus those above can ensure their position only by giving generously to those below." Even in decay, there are responses. When the foundation erodes, those who remain at the top survive only by distributing what they have, by releasing their grip on position. Blake painted this late in life, having witnessed both French and American revolutions—moments when old orders split apart beneath the pressure of accumulated grievances. In the I-Ching sequence, Splitting Apart follows Grace: when decoration can no longer hide structural failure, disintegration proceeds. The next hexagram is Return, the winter solstice point where decline finally reverses.
Yilin: Forest of Changes
From Jiao Yanshou's Forest of Changes (焦氏易林) — the verse for Hexagram 23 in its unchanging form. A Han dynasty collection of four-character verses interpreting every hexagram transformation.

行觸大忌,與司命牾。執囚束縛,拘制於吏。幽人有喜。
Actions transgress a great taboo, offending the Lord of Fate. Seized and bound as a prisoner, restrained in an official's custody. The secluded one finds cause for joy.
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Mountain upon earth doubled — Splitting Apart meets itself. One's actions collide with the greatest taboo, offending the Lord of Fate himself. Bound and fettered, one is detained under an official's control. Yet the verse closes with a paradox drawn from the hexagram's own sixth line: 'The secluded person has joy.' To transgress against cosmic authority and be imprisoned by mortal authority is the worst of Splitting Apart's imagery. But confinement, in the Yi's logic, can also be protection. The 'secluded person' who finds joy in captivity has discovered that being stripped of everything external reveals an irreducible inner freedom. From Splitting Apart to itself, the lesson is recursive: at the nadir of dissolution, the single remaining fruit contains the seed of renewal.
中文注释
山附於地,剝之自返。行觸大忌,與司命牾——所為觸犯最大禁忌,冒犯司命之神。執囚束縛,拘制於吏——被捕綁縛,受官吏管制。然末句「幽人有喜」直引剝卦上九爻辭。觸犯天條而入獄,為剝之極;然囚禁中反得喜悅,此為《易》之辯證:一切外在皆被剝盡之時,內在之自由不可再剝。從剝至剝,遞歸之象:消融之底點恰含重生之核。碩果不食——最後一顆果實不被吃掉,正因其中藏有復生之種。幽人之喜即此種子發芽之兆。
Related Hexagrams
Same upper trigram: Earth (坤)
Same lower trigram: Mountain (艮)