Upper Trigram
兌 Duì
Lake — Joyous
Lower Trigram
艮 Gèn
Mountain — Stillness
Classical Texts
The Judgment
Success. Persistence furthers. Taking a wife brings good fortune. Mutual attraction is a universal law—heaven and earth attract, and everything comes into being. The strong positions itself below the yielding, shows consideration. This is courtship, not seduction. The difference is perseverance.
The Lines
Line 1
Influence in the big toe. The intention forms before action is visible. Not yet apparent to others, leading to neither good nor bad. The beginning stirs.
Line 2
Influence in the calves. The leg moves reflexively, following the foot. Movement not self-governed is dangerous. Wait for genuine impulse before acting. Then no injury.
Line 3
Influence in the thighs. They follow wherever the heart desires, without pause. Acting on every caprice leads to humiliation. Learn to hold back. This restraint is the basis of freedom.
Line 4
Persistence brings good fortune. The heart is reached. When the quiet power of character operates, the effects are right. Conscious manipulation exhausts you and limits your reach. Let influence happen naturally.
Line 5
Influence in the back of the neck—the rigid part. The will stays firm, no confusion results. What happens in the unconscious depths cannot be forced. If you can't be influenced, you can't influence.
Line 6
Influence in the jaws, cheeks, tongue. All talk, nothing real behind it. The most superficial approach to influence. Results are necessarily insignificant. Neither good nor bad fortune mentioned—just irrelevance.
Yilin: Forest of Changes
From Jiao Yanshou's Forest of Changes (焦氏易林) — the verse for Hexagram 31 in its unchanging form. A Han dynasty collection of four-character verses interpreting every hexagram transformation.

雌單獨居,歸其本巢,毛羽憔悴,志如死灰。
空巢殘羽風中搖,枯藤纏枝不堪撓。夕照餘暉照冷壁,影單形隻自蕭條。
An empty nest, remnant feathers sway in the wind; dead vines tangle the branches beyond untangling. The last rays of sunset illuminate a cold wall — a lone shadow, solitary form, desolate.
Read full commentary ↓
A lake upon a mountain returns to itself — Influence reflecting upon Influence. The original verse reads: a lone female bird dwells solitary, returning to her own nest, feathers withered and bedraggled, her spirit like dead ashes. This is desolation at its most intimate: not exile but voluntary retreat into an empty home, not anger but the extinction of desire itself. The 'dead ashes' (死灰) alludes to the Zhuangzi's image of the sage whose heart has become still as cold cinders. Yet here it carries no transcendence, only grief. From Influence to Influence, the hexagram does not transform — the lake remains upon the mountain, openness receives only its own echo. Mutual resonance, turned inward with no partner, becomes the loneliest of all conditions.
中文注释
山上有澤,咸之自返。原詩:雌單獨居,歸其本巢——孤雌獨守空巢。毛羽憔悴——羽毛零落凋殘。志如死灰——心志冷如灰燼。此為《莊子》「形如槁木,心如死灰」之意象,然無超脫之境,唯餘哀涼。非被逐而是自歸,非憤怒而是心死。咸之咸——卦不變,澤仍在山上,虛受之心迴響的只有自身之空。感應本為二者之間之事,一方退回自身、不再對外開放,則感通之道化為至深之孤寂。
Related Hexagrams
Same upper trigram: Lake (兌)
Same lower trigram: Mountain (艮)
