小過

第62卦 小過 (Small Exceeding) 变 第15卦 謙 (Modesty)

小過
Small Exceeding
Mountain / Thunder
Modesty
Earth / Mountain
变爻不变爻

变爻

此变化涉及 3 个变爻(第 1、3、6 爻)。

第初爻

初六 飛鳥以凶。

fēiflies
niǎobird
is on the way to
xiōngadversity

Six at the beginning means: The bird meets with misfortune through flying.

第三爻

九三 弗過防之。從或戕之。凶。

it
guògo beyond
fángto defend
zhīoneself
cóngfrom behind
huòsomebody
qiāngassault
zhīthis one
xiōngunfortunate

Nine in the third place means: If one is not extremely careful, Somebody may come up from behind and strike him. Misfortune.

第上爻

上六 弗遇過之。飛鳥離之。凶。是謂災眚。

without
greeting
guòin
zhīthem
fēiflying
niǎobirds
abandon
zhīthis
xiōngill-omened
shìtrue
wèisignalling
zāiof calamity
shěngand harm

Six at the top means: He passes him by, not meeting him. The flying bird leaves him. Misfortune. This means bad luck and injury.

卦象变化

上卦Mountain EarthKeeping Still → The Receptive
下卦Thunder MountainThe Arousing → Keeping Still

焦氏易林

牛耳聾聵,不曉齊味。委以鼎俎,治亂憒憒。

The ox's ears are deaf, unable to discern the flavors of Qi; entrusted with the sacrificial cauldrons, governance falls into confusion.

— 焦延寿《焦氏易林》,公元前一世纪

注释

山上有雷,小過之託非人。牛耳聾聵——牛耳聾而不聰,不曉齊味——不辨精微之滋味。齊味或指齊地之烹飪藝術,亦指治國之精微。委以鼎俎——將宗廟祭祀之重器交付於此,治亂憒憒——結果唯餘昏亂。此為錯置之寓言:不能品味者掌庖廚,不通禮義者主宗廟。從小過至謙(地中有山),山上之雷化為山藏地中之謙。然此處謙之意反轉:非有才者自抑,乃無能者居高位——因庸碌而生混亂,非因驕矜。

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