Hexagram 33: Retreat → Hexagram 49: Revolution

Retreat
Heaven / Mountain
Revolution
Lake / Fire
Changing LinesStable Lines

Changing Lines

This transformation involves 2 changing lines (lines 1, 6).

Line 1

初六 遯尾厲。勿用有攸往。

dùnwithdrawing
wěithat
in distress
not at all
yònguseful
yǒuto have
yōusomewhere
wǎngto go

Six at the beginning means: At the tail in retreat. This is dangerous. One must not wish to undertake anything.

Line 6

上九 肥遯无不利。

féihealthy
dùnretreat
without
doubt
worthwhile

Nine at the top means: Cheerful retreat. Everything serves to further.

Trigram Changes

Upper TrigramHeaven LakeThe Creative → The Joyous
Lower TrigramMountain FireKeeping Still → The Clinging

Yilin Verse

福德之士,歡悅日喜,夷吾相國,三歸為臣,賞流子孫。

A man of fortune and virtue; joyful and glad each day. Yi Wu serves as chancellor; receiving three estates as a minister. His rewards flow down to his descendants.

— Jiao Yanshou, Yilin (Forest of Changes), 1st century BCE

Commentary

Heaven above the mountain transforms into lake over fire — Revolution, where the old order is renewed through decisive change. A man of blessing and virtue lives in daily joy. Yi Wu becomes prime minister, receives the 'three returns,' and his rewards flow down to his descendants. Yi Wu is the courtesy name of Guan Zhong, the great minister who helped Duke Huan of Qi achieve hegemony over the feudal states. The 'three returns' refers to the extraordinary privileges the duke granted him — wealth, title, and estates normally reserved for royalty. From Retreat to Revolution, the mountain's withdrawal becomes the radical restructuring of fire and lake. Guan Zhong's story embodies revolution through talent: a man of humble origins who retreated from power struggles, only to return and remake the entire political order of his age.

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