Hexagram 33: Retreat → Hexagram 60: Limitation

Retreat
Heaven / Mountain
Limitation
Water / Lake
Changing LinesStable Lines

Changing Lines

This transformation involves 5 changing lines (lines 1, 2, 3, 4, 6).

Line 1

初六 遯尾厲。勿用有攸往。

dùnwithdrawing
wěithat
in distress
not at all
yònguseful
yǒuto have
yōusomewhere
wǎngto go

Six at the beginning means: At the tail in retreat. This is dangerous. One must not wish to undertake anything.

Line 2

六二 執之用黃牛之革。莫之勝說。

zhíto bind
zhīit
yòngwith
huángyellow
niúcow
zhī's
rawhide
none
zhīwill
shèngsuccess in
shuōgetting it loose

Six in the second place means: he holds him fast with yellow oxhide. No one can tear him loose.

Line 3

九三 係遯。有疾厲。畜臣妾吉。

entangled up
dùnretreat
yǒuthere is
urgent
and difficulty
chùattending to
chénone's servant
qièand concubine
was

Nine in the third place means: A halted retreat Is nerve-wracking and dangerous. To retain people as men- and maidservants Brings good fortune.

Line 4

九四 好遯。君子吉。小人否。

hǎoa voluntary
dùnretreat
jūnthe noble
young one
good fortune
xiǎothe ordinarily
rénpeople
deny

Nine in the fourth place means: Voluntary retreat brings good fortune to the superior man And downfall to the inferior man.

Line 6

上九 肥遯无不利。

féihealthy
dùnretreat
without
doubt
worthwhile

Nine at the top means: Cheerful retreat. Everything serves to further.

Trigram Changes

Upper TrigramHeaven WaterThe Creative → The Deep
Lower TrigramMountain LakeKeeping Still → The Joyous

Yilin Verse

渠戎萬里,晝夜愁苦,櫜甲戎服,雖荷不賊,鷹鸇之殘,害不能傷。

The Qu Rong, ten thousand li away; day and night in grief and hardship. Sheathing armor, donning war garb; though burdened, they are not harmed. The cruelty of hawks and falcons; their harm cannot wound.

— Jiao Yanshou, Yilin (Forest of Changes), 1st century BCE

Commentary

Heaven above the mountain restrains as water over lake — Limitation, where boundaries define what can and cannot be done. The Qu Rong frontier stretches ten thousand li; day and night bring only anxiety and suffering. Yet soldiers don their armor and war garments, and though they bear the burden, no harm befalls them. Hawks and falcons are fierce, but their savagery cannot wound. The verse depicts frontier garrison life at the empire's edge — exhausting, terrifying, yet survivable when discipline holds. From Retreat to Limitation, the mountain's withdrawal becomes the measured restraint of water held within the lake's banks. The soldiers endure not because they are strong but because their limits are clearly defined: armor protects, discipline contains, and the predators circle but cannot strike. Limitation transforms retreat from flight into fortified endurance.

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