大過

第28卦 大過 (Great Exceeding) 变 第35卦 晉 (Progress)

大過
Great Exceeding
Lake / Wind
Progress
Fire / Earth
变爻不变爻

变爻

此变化涉及 4 个变爻(第 2、3、5、6 爻)。

第二爻

九二 枯楊生稊。老夫得其女妻。无不利。

the withered
yángpoplar
shēngsends out
a new
lǎothe old
gentleman
finds
his own
a maiden
companion
without
doubt
worthwhile

Nine in the second place means: A dry poplar sprouts at the root. An older man takes a young wife. Everything furthers.

第三爻

九三 棟橈。凶。

dòngthe ridgepole
náois deformed
xiōngominous

Nine in the third place means: The ridgepole sags to the breaking point. Misfortune.

第五爻

九五 枯楊生華。老婦得其士夫。无咎无譽。

the withered
yángpoplar
shēngsends out
huáflowers
lǎothe old
woman
finds
her own
shìa young gentleman
as husband
no
jiùto blame
no
to praise

Nine in the fifth place means: A withered poplar puts forth flowers. An older woman takes a husband. No blame. No praise.

第上爻

上六 過涉滅頂。凶。无咎。

guòtoo much of
shèto crossing
miècovering
dǐngone's head
xiōngunfortunate
but no
jiùblame

Six at the top means: One must go through the water. It goes over one's head. Misfortune. No blame.

卦象变化

上卦Lake FireThe Joyous → The Clinging
下卦Wind EarthThe Gentle → The Receptive

焦氏易林

子畏於匡,厄困陳蔡。明德不危,竟自免害。

The Master was threatened at Kuang; beset and stranded in Chen and Cai. Bright virtue is not imperiled; in the end he escapes harm by himself.

— 焦延寿《焦氏易林》,公元前一世纪

注释

澤滅木,大過之象。子畏於匡——孔子被匡人圍困。厄困陳蔡——窮困於陳蔡之間。明德不危——明德之人不陷真正之危。竟自免害——終究自免其害。此詩並舉孔子周遊之兩大危難:畏於匡,匡人誤以為陽虎而圍之;困於陳蔡,絕糧七日。二者皆危而不殆——夫子曰「天之未喪斯文也」,安然自若。從大過至晉(明出地上),傾覆之結構化為光明破土而出——晉者,進也,明德之光自地而升。孔子之德即此上升之明:無論暗夜多深,「明德不危」。

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