第35卦
晉
Jìn
Progress
上卦
離 Lí
Fire — Clinging
下卦
坤 Kūn
Earth — Receptive
经典文本
彖辞
康侯用錫馬蕃庶。晝日三接。
象辞
明出地上，晉。君子以自昭明德。
爻辞
第初爻
初六 晉如摧如。貞吉。罔孚。裕无咎。
第二爻
六二 晉如愁如。貞吉。受茲介福。于其王母。
第三爻
六三 眾允悔亡。
第四爻
九四 晉如鼫鼠。貞厲。
第五爻
六五 悔亡。失得勿恤。往吉无不利。
第上爻
上九 晉其角。維用伐邑。厲吉无咎。貞吝。
The Fighting Temeraire
J.M.W. Turner, 1839
Progress
An aging warship glides toward its final berth, towed by a steam tugboat across glowing water in J.M.W. Turner's 1839 masterpiece. The HMS Temeraire—veteran of Trafalgar, Nelson's great sea battle—moves as a ghost of white sails against the setting sun. Behind the old ship, a small steam tug churns forward, black smokestack asserting the new industrial power that renders sailing vessels obsolete. Turner positions the viewer at the moment of transition, when one era yields to another, when the old gives way not through catastrophe but through the inexorable advance of what comes next.
阅读完整论述 ↓
This is Jìn (晉), Progress. The character depicts the sun rising above the horizon, advancement becoming visible. Ancient diviners saw this configuration when Fire (Lí) sits above Earth (Kūn)—clarity and illumination rising from receptive foundation, light emerging into visibility. Turner's painting captures this structure: the old warship represents what has served its time, while the steam tug embodies the rising clarity of new methods, new powers advancing not through combat but through superior capability. Turner painted this in 1839 depicting the HMS Temeraire, a warship from the Battle of Trafalgar, being towed by a steam tugboat to be scrapped. The old sailing ship gives way to new steamship technology, showing progress through generational transition. The Judgment text addresses the psychology of advancement: "Progress. The powerful prince is honored with horses in large numbers. In a single day he is granted audience three times." Zhou Dynasty practitioners understood that genuine progress brings recognition without self-promotion. When Fire rises above Earth, advancement occurs through merit becoming visible rather than through ambition pushing forward. Song Dynasty commentators noted this hexagram appeared when worthy officials received promotion, when beneficial innovations gained adoption, when ideas whose time had arrived spread through receptive acceptance rather than forceful advocacy. The Image Text reveals the method: "The sun rises over the earth: the image of Progress. Thus the superior man himself brightens his bright virtue." Turner's sunset paradoxically illustrates this principle—the old warship moves toward darkness while embodying past glory, but the image captures how light itself demonstrates progress through its natural rising and setting. In the I-Ching's sequence, Jìn follows Dà Zhuàng (Great Power): after power reaches fullness, progress manifests through that power's proper application. The Temeraire advances toward its end with dignity, making way for what must rise next. Progress serves not the advancement of self but the unfolding of what naturally succeeds.
焦氏易林
焦延寿《易林》——第35卦本卦之辞。西汉时期以四言诗阐释卦变，为最早的系统性易学占辞集。
銷鋒鑄耜，休牛放馬，甲兵解散，夫婦相保。
明出地上，晉之象。
阅读完整注释 ↓
明出地上，晉之象。「銷鋒鑄耜」——銷熔兵鋒鑄為農具，出《尚書·武成》：武王伐紂勝後偃武修文。「休牛放馬」——散放戰牛戰馬，典出武王「歸馬於華山之陽，放牛於桃林之野」。「甲兵解散，夫婦相保」——軍隊解甲，夫婦團圓。從晉至晉，卦返自身，進而復進。然此處之進非征伐之進，乃和平之進——最明亮之前行，是知止而安。火出地上不再燒灼，化為持久之溫暖。
English commentary
Fire rises above the earth, and the land returns to peace. Weapon points are melted down and recast as plowshares; oxen are rested and horses set free to pasture. Armor and troops are disbanded, and husbands and wives keep each other safe. This verse directly echoes the Shangshu chapter 'Wu Cheng,' describing King Wu of Zhou's demobilization after defeating the Shang: he released war-oxen in the Peach Forest and pastured war-horses on the southern slopes of Mount Hua. From Progress to Progress (the hexagram returning to itself), the transformation embodies fulfillment at rest. The brightest advance is the one that knows when to stop advancing — when the fire that rose above the earth settles into sustained warmth rather than consuming flame.