大過

第28卦 大過 (Great Exceeding) 变 第55卦 豐 (Abundance)

大過
Great Exceeding
Lake / Wind
Abundance
Thunder / Fire
变爻不变爻

变爻

此变化涉及 3 个变爻(第 1、2、5 爻)。

第初爻

初六 藉用白茅。无咎。

jièfor
yòngusing
báiwhite
máothatch
no
jiùblame

Six at the beginning means: To spread white rushes underneath. No blame.

第二爻

九二 枯楊生稊。老夫得其女妻。无不利。

the withered
yángpoplar
shēngsends out
a new
lǎothe old
gentleman
finds
his own
a maiden
companion
without
doubt
worthwhile

Nine in the second place means: A dry poplar sprouts at the root. An older man takes a young wife. Everything furthers.

第五爻

九五 枯楊生華。老婦得其士夫。无咎无譽。

the withered
yángpoplar
shēngsends out
huáflowers
lǎothe old
woman
finds
her own
shìa young gentleman
as husband
no
jiùto blame
no
to praise

Nine in the fifth place means: A withered poplar puts forth flowers. An older woman takes a husband. No blame. No praise.

卦象变化

上卦Lake ThunderThe Joyous → The Arousing
下卦Wind FireThe Gentle → The Clinging

焦氏易林

歲暮花落,君衰於德。勞寵損墜,陰奪其室。

Year’s end, blossoms fall; the lord declines in virtue. Favor toils and tumbles; yin seizes his chamber.

— 焦延寿《焦氏易林》,公元前一世纪

注释

澤滅木,大過之象。歲暮花落——年末花謝,盛景已過。君衰於德——君主德行衰退。勞寵損墜——曾經之恩寵逐漸損落。陰奪其室——陰邪之人奪取其室位。此詩寫秋暮之失:年華已逝、花已凋零,統治者之德望消退。「陰奪其室」喻妃嬪或奸臣篡奪正位——宮廷顛覆之經典意象。豐之象為雷電皆至——光與力之極盛。然此詩示豐之陰面:極盛即衰之始。從大過至豐,過度之勢在權力極盛時達到頂點,然正是此極盛之輝煌加速了隨後之墜落。

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