Hexagram 6
訟
Sòng
Conflict
Upper Trigram
乾 Qián
Heaven — Creative
Lower Trigram
坎 Kǎn
Water — Abysmal
Classical Texts
The Judgment
有孚。窒惕。中吉。終凶。利見大人。不利涉大川。
The Image
天與水違行,訟。君子以作事謀始。
The Lines
Line 1
初六 不永所事。小有言。終吉。
Line 2
九二 不克訟。歸而逋其邑。人三百戶。无眚。
Line 3
六三 食舊德。貞。厲終吉。或從王事。无成。
Line 4
九四 不克訟。復即命。渝安貞。吉。
Line 5
九五 訟。元吉。
Line 6
上九 或錫之鞶帶。終朝三褫之。

Night Attack on the Sanjō Palace
Unknown, 13th century
Conflict
Flames consume the Sanjō Palace while warriors clash in the courtyard. This thirteenth-century Japanese handscroll depicts the Heiji Rebellion of 1159, the night when samurai supporting the Fujiwara clan attacked the imperial compound in Kyoto. The painting shows combat in vivid detail—soldiers grapple hand-to-hand, arrows fly, horses rear in panic as fire spreads through wooden buildings. Nobles flee in ox-drawn carriages while their guards fight desperately behind them. The scroll format allows the violence to unfold sequentially as you unroll it: first the approach, then the assault, then the burning palace interior where courtiers hide among flames. Two incompatible claims to power—imperial authority versus military force—collide in a single night.
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This is Sòng (訟), which combines Heaven (☰) above and Water (☵) below. The character 訟 contains the speech radical (言), suggesting legal disputation and argument. Water flows downward; heaven rises upward—divergent movement, incompatible directions. The Heiji Rebellion began when opposing factions could no longer coexist, when waiting degraded into violence. Ancient diviners saw this configuration when mediation had failed, when opposing interests moved toward direct confrontation. This 13th-century Japanese handscroll depicts the 1159 Heiji Rebellion, showing warriors attacking the Sanjō Palace. The vivid battle scene with flames and combat illustrates armed conflict between opposing forces. The Judgment warns: "Conflict. You are sincere and are being obstructed. A cautious halt halfway brings good fortune. Going through to the end brings misfortune." The handscroll depicts what happens when conflict goes to completion: the palace burns, courtiers die, the imperial family scatters into exile. The attacking samurai won this particular battle but triggered decades of civil war. Ancient texts counseled seeking third-party judgment rather than pursuing victory—"It furthers one to see the great man. It does not further one to cross the great water." Stop before the irreversible act, before crossing into destruction. The Image Text diagnoses the root cause: "Heaven and water go their opposite ways: the image of conflict. Thus in all his transactions the superior man carefully considers the beginning." The rebellion's seeds were planted in earlier decisions, earlier incompatible appointments to power. In the I-Ching's sequence, Sòng follows Xū: when waiting becomes prolonged or frustrated, when neither party will yield position, conflict erupts. The scroll shows the moment when divergent forces collide, when words fail and violence speaks.
Yilin: Forest of Changes
From Jiao Yanshou's Forest of Changes (焦氏易林) — the verse for Hexagram 6 in its unchanging form. A Han dynasty collection of four-character verses interpreting every hexagram transformation.

文巧俗弊,將反大質。僵死如麻,流血濡櫓。皆知其母,不識其父,干戈乃止。
Artifice corrupts customs, about to return to plain substance. The dead lie stiff like hemp; flowing blood soaks the oar-shields. All know their mothers, none know their fathers; only then do arms cease.
Read full commentary ↓
Conflict doubled upon itself: heaven and water oppose, and the opposition feeds on its own energy. Cunning artifice corrupts custom until society reverts to raw essence. Corpses lie stiff as hemp stalks; blood soaks the war-tower shields. The imagery echoes Jia Yi's 'On the Faults of Qin': people know their mothers but not their fathers — the ultimate breakdown of social bonds. Yet the verse ends abruptly: weapons and shields are laid down. From Conflict to Conflict, there is no transformation, no escape valve. The same pattern redoubles. The verse warns that when strife becomes self-perpetuating, it consumes everything until exhaustion forces a halt — not resolution, but collapse.
中文注释
訟之重卦,天與水違行之勢自我強化,無可轉化,無可脫逃。文巧之術敗壞風俗,終將回歸大質。僵屍如麻,血流濡櫓——戰場之慘烈極矣。此景呼應賈誼《過秦論》所述社會崩壞——「皆知其母,不識其父」,人倫瓦解至極,父子不相識認。然詩末驟然收束:干戈乃止。從訟至訟,無所變化,無出路可尋。同一對立模式層層疊加。詩警示:紛爭若成自我循環,終將吞噬一切,直至力竭而止——非和解,乃崩潰。
Related Hexagrams
Same upper trigram: Heaven (乾)
Same lower trigram: Water (坎)