第40卦
解
Xiè
Deliverance
上卦
震 Zhèn
Thunder — Arousing
下卦
坎 Kǎn
Water — Abysmal
经典文本
彖辞
利西南。无所往。其來復吉。有攸往。夙吉。
象辞
雷雨作，解。君子以赦過宥罪。
爻辞
第初爻
初六 无咎。
第二爻
九二 田獲三狐。得黃矢。貞吉。
第三爻
六三 負且乘。致寇至。貞吝。
第四爻
九四 解而拇。朋至斯孚。
第五爻
六五 君子維有解。吉。有孚于小人。
第上爻
上六 公用射隼于高墉之上。獲之无不利。
The Hay Wain
John Constable, 1821
Deliverance
John Constable painted an English countryside scene in 1821 showing a hay cart fording the River Stour in Suffolk. Sunlight breaks through clouds over the rural landscape where agricultural work proceeds peacefully. The cart crosses shallow water while a farmhouse sits on the far bank, dogs rest in the foreground, and the sky opens into brightness after rain. Constable renders the scene with precise attention to weather and light, capturing the specific clarity that follows a storm's passage. The painting depicts ordinary labor resuming, obstacles that have cleared, the return to productive work after impediment.
阅读完整论述 ↓
This is Xiè (解), Deliverance. The character shows a knife cutting through bound cords, the releasing of what was constrained. Ancient diviners saw this configuration when Thunder (Zhèn) sits above Water (Kǎn)—arousing movement breaking through danger and difficulty, the activation that disperses accumulated tension. Constable's landscape embodies this structure: the storm has passed (water subsiding), normal activity resumes (thunder's movement returning), the cart crosses water that no longer presents danger. The painting captures what practitioners described as "tension released, obstruction removed." Constable painted this bucolic English countryside scene showing a hay cart fording the River Stour in Suffolk. The calm, sunlit landscape depicts agricultural labor resuming after difficulties, illustrating release from tension and the return to productive, unobstructed work. The Judgment text speaks with careful timing: "Deliverance. The southwest furthers. If there is no longer anything where one has to go, return brings good fortune. If there is still something where one has to go, hastening brings good fortune." Zhou Dynasty court diviners understood that deliverance requires recognizing when obstacles have truly cleared versus when remnants remain. The text distinguishes between two conditions: when problems have dissolved completely, return to normal life quickly; when residual difficulties persist, move decisively to complete their removal. Ancient commentators noted this hexagram appeared after sieges lifted, after droughts broke, after conflicts resolved—moments when constraint suddenly releases. The Image Text reveals the mechanism: "Thunder and rain set in: the image of Deliverance. Thus the superior man pardons mistakes and forgives misdeeds." The storm cleanses through its passage, just as deliverance often requires releasing what accumulated during difficulty. Constable's painting shows England's agricultural rhythm restored after interruption, the simple cart crossing now-peaceful water. In the I-Ching's sequence, Xiè follows Jiǎn (Obstruction): after encountering what cannot be overcome, conditions shift and passage becomes possible. The painting celebrates not dramatic triumph but quiet resumption, the profound relief of ordinary life proceeding after its suspension. Deliverance manifests not as explosion but as clearing, not as victory but as return to productive work under open sky.
焦氏易林
焦延寿《易林》——第40卦本卦之辞。西汉时期以四言诗阐释卦变，为最早的系统性易学占辞集。
駕行出遊，鳥鬭車前，更相捽滅。兵寇旦來，回車亟還，可以无憂。
雷雨作，解之自遇。
阅读完整注释 ↓
雷雨作，解之自遇。駕行出遊——驅車出行。鳥鬭車前，更相捽滅——飛鳥在車前搏鬥撕扯，凶兆已現。兵寇旦來——晨間傳來賊兵消息。回車亟還——急忙掉頭回返。可以无憂——因此免於禍患。解遇解，雙重之解脫：第一重是識兆而退，第二重是放棄行程。不執著於原定之路，方能全身而退。最果斷之解脫有時不過是及時回頭。
English commentary
Thunder over water encounters itself — Deliverance meeting Deliverance. Driving out on a journey, birds fight before the carriage, tearing at each other. Then word comes that soldiers and bandits approach at dawn; one turns the carriage and races home, and thereby avoids worry. The verse dramatizes the instinct for timely retreat: omens appear (fighting birds), danger confirms (approaching troops), and the wise traveler does not hesitate to reverse course. From Deliverance to Deliverance, the pattern doubles rather than transforms. Release from one predicament comes through the release of attachment to the journey itself. Sometimes the most decisive act of deliverance is simply turning around.